Reading quiz L.5 A JOB ANY PRICE?
1. READ AND CORRECT THE MISTAKES
1.- Lisa bread to say she is happy at work
2.- I travelled by public boat all over the world
3.- I slept at the worse hotels
4.- I graduate for four year
5.- I work in big company
6.- I spend my months
7.- I´m going to finish work with
8.- My advice for people who are happy in their home is simple
miércoles, 7 de julio de 2010
LESSON 5 A JOB AT ANY PRICE ?
READING HOMEWORK 8 A/ B LCDA. DIANA MONTERO
READING EXERCISES UNIT 2 / LESSON 5 A job AT ANY PRICE ?
1.- MATCH EACH WORD ON THE LEFT WITH ITS SYNONYMS ON THE RIGHT
Receive unfulfilled
Empty business
Finally get
Company miserable
Unhappy job
Position eventually
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT. READ THESE QUESTIONS AND WRITE YOUR ANSWERS
a.- What is Mark Bolam´s job now?
b.- What did he win for his letter?
c.- What question in he answering in his letter?
d.- What job did he have a few years ago?
e.- Find two ways he spends his time at work now
READ THESE NOTES ABOUT MARK´S LIFE. PUT B (before) OR N (now)
a.- ……….. has a high salary b.- ………has a lower salary
c.- ………..has more time to see his family d.-………has little time to see his family
e.- ……….is unhappy with his job f.-………is very satisfied with his job
g.- ………feels his life is empty h.-……...is very happy with his life
i.- ……….feels he is helping people j.-………has the best of everything
MATCH EACH WORD
Guidance pressure
Happy advice
Job satisfied
A higher salary office
Scared boss
Stress afraid
Manager better pay
Workplace position
QUICKLY SKIM THIS TEXT. THEN INMEDIATELY CHECK YOUR ANSWERS.
DO NOT LOOK BACK AT THE TEXT.
a.- Many people…..
1. often arrive late to work
2. are afraid to leave their job
b.- People who don’t like their job should…….
1. do nothing and hope it gets better
2. quit and find another job
c.- Every day, thousands of people ……..
1.- find new jobs
2.- work long hours and get very tired
d.- If you get angry at work a lot, ……..
1.- you should quickly start looking for another job
2.- you are under too much pressure
READING EXERCISES UNIT 2 / LESSON 5 A job AT ANY PRICE ?
1.- MATCH EACH WORD ON THE LEFT WITH ITS SYNONYMS ON THE RIGHT
Receive unfulfilled
Empty business
Finally get
Company miserable
Unhappy job
Position eventually
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT. READ THESE QUESTIONS AND WRITE YOUR ANSWERS
a.- What is Mark Bolam´s job now?
b.- What did he win for his letter?
c.- What question in he answering in his letter?
d.- What job did he have a few years ago?
e.- Find two ways he spends his time at work now
READ THESE NOTES ABOUT MARK´S LIFE. PUT B (before) OR N (now)
a.- ……….. has a high salary b.- ………has a lower salary
c.- ………..has more time to see his family d.-………has little time to see his family
e.- ……….is unhappy with his job f.-………is very satisfied with his job
g.- ………feels his life is empty h.-……...is very happy with his life
i.- ……….feels he is helping people j.-………has the best of everything
MATCH EACH WORD
Guidance pressure
Happy advice
Job satisfied
A higher salary office
Scared boss
Stress afraid
Manager better pay
Workplace position
QUICKLY SKIM THIS TEXT. THEN INMEDIATELY CHECK YOUR ANSWERS.
DO NOT LOOK BACK AT THE TEXT.
a.- Many people…..
1. often arrive late to work
2. are afraid to leave their job
b.- People who don’t like their job should…….
1. do nothing and hope it gets better
2. quit and find another job
c.- Every day, thousands of people ……..
1.- find new jobs
2.- work long hours and get very tired
d.- If you get angry at work a lot, ……..
1.- you should quickly start looking for another job
2.- you are under too much pressure
DESERT FOOD CHAIN
SCIENCE HOMEWORK 8 A / B LCDA. DIANA MONTERO
JULY 7TH /2010
1.- FIND NEW VOCABULARY WORDS
2.- DOWNLOAD AND PRINT OUT THE INFORMATION
Desert Food Chains
Food chains allow us to examine the basics of how energy passes through an ecosystem.
Producer
Consumer
Predator
A food chain is sequence of plants, herbivores and carnivores, through which energy and materials move within an ecosystem. Food chains are usually short and not more than three or four links. They usually consist of a producer, a consumer and a predator, with the predator being the top of the food chain. The top of the desert food chain does eventually die though, and is returned to the bottom of the chain as nutrients by decomposers. Typical Desert Food Chains
Mountain LionMule DeerPlant (forbs)
CoyoteQuailPlant (shrub seeds)
SnakesLizardsInsectsPlant (wildflower/grass seeds)
HawkSnakesRatsPlant (seeds)
Desert Food PyramidA pyramid representing trends in food consumption, with the lowest level (primary producers) having the greatest total biomass, and the higher consumer levels having successively less total biomass. The concept of a pyramid of consumers in an ecosystem helps to understand how an organism fits into a community as a whole. Typical Desert Food Pyramid
4th Trophic Level:Tertiary ConsumersCarnivoresThese are high level consumers, carnivores that will eat other carnivores.3rd Trophic Level:Secondary ConsumersSmall CarnivoresThe predators are the secondary consumers. They occupy the third trophic level. Again we see cold-blooded animals, such as snakes, insect-eating lizards, and tarantualas. Only about 2 Kilocalories per square meter per year are stored in their bodies. In the harsher desert environments, they are the top predators. 2nd Trophic Level:Primary ConsumersHerbivoresThese animals are usually small and eat little. Many are insects, or reptiles, who are cold blooded and who use less energy to maintain their bodies than mammals and birds do. As food for predators, they provide about 20 Kilocalories per square meter per year for predators.Including:Ants and other insects, rats and mice, some reptiles the largest of which are the tortoise and chuckwalla. 1st Trophic Level:Primary ProducersPlantsThese are plants that make food through photosynthesis. Limited by the availability of water, they produce fewer than 200 Kilocalories of food for the animals for each square meter each year.Including:Trees, shrubs, cactus, wildflowers, grasses
Primary ProducersFood chains are divided into nutritional or trophic levels. The first trophic, or lowest level, is occupied by the primary producers, plants.Plants produce energy from photosynthesis. Plants produce energy to use for survival, growth and to store when production resources are not available. The amount of energy produced is measured in kilocalories and limited by the availability of sunlight, water and nutritional resources available to the plant. In the desert biome water is the determining resource. In an environment where water is readily available (such as an oasis, spring or desert riparian biomes) more plant diversity is available and more kilocalories of energy are produced. In a sparse, dry ecosystem, where plants can not survive unless widely spaced, only about 200 kilocalories of food per square meter per year are produced.Primary ConsumersPrimary consumers are the animals that eat the plants. These animals, including insects, occupy the second trophic level. Energy is tranferred from the plants to the consumers as food for the consumers. Although primary consumers are for the most part herbivorious, this is where the line between the primary and secondary consumers begins to blur. In a mammal, such as the desert pocket mouse, food is consumed and converted to energy. The mouse, being warm-blooded, uses this energy in several ways.
1. The mouse recieves stored energy by eating food.2. The mouse's metabolism converts stored energy from the food to available energy for it's survival. To survive the mouse needs to grow, acquire more food, escape predators, etc). Some energy is lost to heat, but this heat can be helpful to keep the mouse's body at a normal temperature in cold weather.3. Some energy is lost in the production and passing of waste as unprocessed nutrients.4. About 90% of the energy the mouse converts from food is stored and used by the mouse. The remaining 10% is available for consumption by predators at the next trophic level.
Secondary Consumers - Small PredatorsTertiary Consumers - Large Predators
JULY 7TH /2010
1.- FIND NEW VOCABULARY WORDS
2.- DOWNLOAD AND PRINT OUT THE INFORMATION
Desert Food Chains
Food chains allow us to examine the basics of how energy passes through an ecosystem.
Producer
Consumer
Predator
A food chain is sequence of plants, herbivores and carnivores, through which energy and materials move within an ecosystem. Food chains are usually short and not more than three or four links. They usually consist of a producer, a consumer and a predator, with the predator being the top of the food chain. The top of the desert food chain does eventually die though, and is returned to the bottom of the chain as nutrients by decomposers. Typical Desert Food Chains
Mountain LionMule DeerPlant (forbs)
CoyoteQuailPlant (shrub seeds)
SnakesLizardsInsectsPlant (wildflower/grass seeds)
HawkSnakesRatsPlant (seeds)
Desert Food PyramidA pyramid representing trends in food consumption, with the lowest level (primary producers) having the greatest total biomass, and the higher consumer levels having successively less total biomass. The concept of a pyramid of consumers in an ecosystem helps to understand how an organism fits into a community as a whole. Typical Desert Food Pyramid
4th Trophic Level:Tertiary ConsumersCarnivoresThese are high level consumers, carnivores that will eat other carnivores.3rd Trophic Level:Secondary ConsumersSmall CarnivoresThe predators are the secondary consumers. They occupy the third trophic level. Again we see cold-blooded animals, such as snakes, insect-eating lizards, and tarantualas. Only about 2 Kilocalories per square meter per year are stored in their bodies. In the harsher desert environments, they are the top predators. 2nd Trophic Level:Primary ConsumersHerbivoresThese animals are usually small and eat little. Many are insects, or reptiles, who are cold blooded and who use less energy to maintain their bodies than mammals and birds do. As food for predators, they provide about 20 Kilocalories per square meter per year for predators.Including:Ants and other insects, rats and mice, some reptiles the largest of which are the tortoise and chuckwalla. 1st Trophic Level:Primary ProducersPlantsThese are plants that make food through photosynthesis. Limited by the availability of water, they produce fewer than 200 Kilocalories of food for the animals for each square meter each year.Including:Trees, shrubs, cactus, wildflowers, grasses
Primary ProducersFood chains are divided into nutritional or trophic levels. The first trophic, or lowest level, is occupied by the primary producers, plants.Plants produce energy from photosynthesis. Plants produce energy to use for survival, growth and to store when production resources are not available. The amount of energy produced is measured in kilocalories and limited by the availability of sunlight, water and nutritional resources available to the plant. In the desert biome water is the determining resource. In an environment where water is readily available (such as an oasis, spring or desert riparian biomes) more plant diversity is available and more kilocalories of energy are produced. In a sparse, dry ecosystem, where plants can not survive unless widely spaced, only about 200 kilocalories of food per square meter per year are produced.Primary ConsumersPrimary consumers are the animals that eat the plants. These animals, including insects, occupy the second trophic level. Energy is tranferred from the plants to the consumers as food for the consumers. Although primary consumers are for the most part herbivorious, this is where the line between the primary and secondary consumers begins to blur. In a mammal, such as the desert pocket mouse, food is consumed and converted to energy. The mouse, being warm-blooded, uses this energy in several ways.
1. The mouse recieves stored energy by eating food.2. The mouse's metabolism converts stored energy from the food to available energy for it's survival. To survive the mouse needs to grow, acquire more food, escape predators, etc). Some energy is lost to heat, but this heat can be helpful to keep the mouse's body at a normal temperature in cold weather.3. Some energy is lost in the production and passing of waste as unprocessed nutrients.4. About 90% of the energy the mouse converts from food is stored and used by the mouse. The remaining 10% is available for consumption by predators at the next trophic level.
Secondary Consumers - Small PredatorsTertiary Consumers - Large Predators
ANIMALS CELLS AND TISSUES
SCIENCE HOMEWORK FOR 9 A/B
JULY 7TH/2010 LDA. DIANA MONTERO
ANIMAL CELL AND TISSUE
Organization of the Animal Body
Animals are multicellular heterotrophs whose cells lack cell walls. At some point during their lives, all animals are capable of movement, although not all animals have muscles they use for this. In the most commonly encountered animals, the mobile stage is the adult, although some animals (such as corals and sponges) have sessile (or nonmobile) adult phases and mobile juvenile forms. Both animal and plant evolutionary history show the development of multicellularity and the move from water to land (as well as a secondary adaptation back to water, for example dolphins, whales, duckweed, and elodea).
Animals developed external or internal skeletons to provide support, skin to prevent or lessen water loss, muscles that allowed them to move in search of food, brains and nervous systems for integration of stimuli, and internal digestive systems.
Organs in animals are composed of a number of different tissue types. For example, the stomach shown in Figure 1, has epithelial tissue making linings and secreting gastric juices, connective tissues
Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities. Functions include lining, protecting, and forming glands. Three types of epithelium occur:
Squamous epithelium is flattened cells.
Cuboidal epithelium is cube-shaped cells.
Columnar epithelium consists of elongated cells.
Any epithelium can be simple or stratified. Simple epithelium has only a single cell layer. Stratified epithelium has more than one layer of cells. Pseudostratified epithelium is a single layer of cells so shaped that they appear at first glance to form two layers.
Connective Tissue
Connective tissue serves many purposes in the body:
binding
supporting
protecting
forming blood
storing fats
filling space
Connective cells are separated from one another by a non-cellular matrix. The matrix may be solid (as in bone), soft (as in loose connective tissue), or liquid (as in blood). Two types of connective tissue are Loose Connective Tissue (LCT) and Fibrous Connective Tissue (FCT). Fibroblasts (LCT) are separated by a collagen fiber-containing matrix. Collagen fibers provide elasticity and flexibility. LCT occurs beneath epithelium in skin and many internal organs, such as lungs, arteries and the urinary bladder. This tissue type also forms a protective layer over muscle, nerves, and blood vessels.
Muscle Tissue
Muscle tissue facilitates movement of the animal by contraction of individual muscle cells (referred to as muscle fibers). Three types of muscle fibers occur in animals (the only taxonomic kingdom to have muscle cells):
skeletal (striated)
smooth
cardiac
JULY 7TH/2010 LDA. DIANA MONTERO
ANIMAL CELL AND TISSUE
Organization of the Animal Body
Animals are multicellular heterotrophs whose cells lack cell walls. At some point during their lives, all animals are capable of movement, although not all animals have muscles they use for this. In the most commonly encountered animals, the mobile stage is the adult, although some animals (such as corals and sponges) have sessile (or nonmobile) adult phases and mobile juvenile forms. Both animal and plant evolutionary history show the development of multicellularity and the move from water to land (as well as a secondary adaptation back to water, for example dolphins, whales, duckweed, and elodea).
Animals developed external or internal skeletons to provide support, skin to prevent or lessen water loss, muscles that allowed them to move in search of food, brains and nervous systems for integration of stimuli, and internal digestive systems.
Organs in animals are composed of a number of different tissue types. For example, the stomach shown in Figure 1, has epithelial tissue making linings and secreting gastric juices, connective tissues
Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities. Functions include lining, protecting, and forming glands. Three types of epithelium occur:
Squamous epithelium is flattened cells.
Cuboidal epithelium is cube-shaped cells.
Columnar epithelium consists of elongated cells.
Any epithelium can be simple or stratified. Simple epithelium has only a single cell layer. Stratified epithelium has more than one layer of cells. Pseudostratified epithelium is a single layer of cells so shaped that they appear at first glance to form two layers.
Connective Tissue
Connective tissue serves many purposes in the body:
binding
supporting
protecting
forming blood
storing fats
filling space
Connective cells are separated from one another by a non-cellular matrix. The matrix may be solid (as in bone), soft (as in loose connective tissue), or liquid (as in blood). Two types of connective tissue are Loose Connective Tissue (LCT) and Fibrous Connective Tissue (FCT). Fibroblasts (LCT) are separated by a collagen fiber-containing matrix. Collagen fibers provide elasticity and flexibility. LCT occurs beneath epithelium in skin and many internal organs, such as lungs, arteries and the urinary bladder. This tissue type also forms a protective layer over muscle, nerves, and blood vessels.
Muscle Tissue
Muscle tissue facilitates movement of the animal by contraction of individual muscle cells (referred to as muscle fibers). Three types of muscle fibers occur in animals (the only taxonomic kingdom to have muscle cells):
skeletal (striated)
smooth
cardiac
martes, 6 de julio de 2010
DESERT ANIMALS
SCIENCE HOMEWORK FOR 8 A / B
Desert Animals and Wildlife
Mammals Birds & Fish Reptiles & Amphibians Insects & SpidersRelated Information Health and Medical Disclaimer
Desert Animal Survival - How they live in the desert.
MAMMALS
ArmadilloBats Bighorn Sheep Bear (Black)Bison (Plains Bison)Bobcat Buffalo (Plains Bison)Burros
Camels- Southwestern Camel ExperimentCheetahChipmunk, PanamintCoati, White-NosedCollared PeccaryCottontail Rabbit Coyote
Dama Gazelle
Deer - Mule
Deer - White-Tailed Dinosaurs Dinosaurs Q&ADolphin
ElephantElk
FerretFinback WhaleFox (Gray)
GiraffeGopher
Hippopotamus
JaguarsJackalJavelina Wild Horses
Kangaroo Rats
LionLLama
Mountain Lion Mule Deer
Otter - River
PorcupinePrairie Dogs Pronghorn
Rabbits - Cottontails Jack Rabbits
Raccoon
RhinocerosRingtailed CatRiver Otter
Sea Lion - California SkunkSpotted HyenaSquirrel
Whale - Finback Wild Burros Wild Horses Wolves Woodrats (Pack Rats)
Zebra
back to top
BIRDS & FISH
Hawks- Cooper's Hawk- Ferruginous hawk- Marsh Hawk- Northern Harriers- Sharp-shinned- Northern Goshawks- Red-Tailed Hawk
Owls- Barn Owl - Great Horned Owls- Long-Eared Owls- Screech Owl
Herons-Blue Heron-Snowy Egret-Great Egret
Pelicans-American White Pelican-Brown Pelican
Storks-Yellow-billed Stork
HummingbirdsBlack-chinned hummingbird Hummers
Flightless BirdsOstrich
Misc Black-Necked StiltCactus WrensCliff SwallowCurve Billed ThrasherGolden EaglesGambel’s QuailGround Hornbill / Abyssinian Ground HornbillLesser Snow GooseMallard DucksMourning DovesPheasants ring-neckedRavensRoadrunnersSandhill CranesTurkeysTurkey Vultures Western Bluebird Woodpeckers
Fish Desert Pupfish Kanab Ambersnail
back to top
REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS
LizardsChuckwallas Collared LizardGila MonsterGreater Earless LizardHorned LizardsIguanaWestern Banded GeckoSide-blotched Lizard
Toads & FrogsBullfrogRed-spotted Toads TreefrogsWoodhouse's Toad
Rattlesnakes- Rattlesnakes - The Sidewinder- Western Diamondback
SnakesCoral SnakeCopperheadDesert Horned ViperGopher SnakesKingsnake Striped whipsnakes
Fish Desert Pupfish Kanab Ambersnail
Other Reptiles Desert DinosaursDesert TortoiseWestern Ornate Box Turtle
back to top
INSECTS & SPIDERS
AntsFire AntsRed Imported Fire Ant (RIFA)Harvester Ants Velvet Ants
BeesCarpenter Honeybees Killer Bees
BeetlesBlister BeetlePinacate beetle (Stinkbugs)
ButterfliesWestern Tiger SwallowtailWestern AdmiralViceroy Butterfly
MothsBlack Witch MothYucca Moth
SpidersBlack Widow Spiders Brown Recluse SpiderTarantulas Wolf Spider
Flying InsectsAssassin BugCicadas DragonfliesMosquitoPraying MantisSphinx MothTarantula Hawks
Wasps
Misc.
AphidCentipedesLeechOchineal Scale (Crimson)ScorpionsStinkbugs Ticks TermitesWalking Stick
Desert Animals and Wildlife
Mammals Birds & Fish Reptiles & Amphibians Insects & SpidersRelated Information Health and Medical Disclaimer
Desert Animal Survival - How they live in the desert.
MAMMALS
ArmadilloBats Bighorn Sheep Bear (Black)Bison (Plains Bison)Bobcat Buffalo (Plains Bison)Burros
Camels- Southwestern Camel ExperimentCheetahChipmunk, PanamintCoati, White-NosedCollared PeccaryCottontail Rabbit Coyote
Dama Gazelle
Deer - Mule
Deer - White-Tailed Dinosaurs Dinosaurs Q&ADolphin
ElephantElk
FerretFinback WhaleFox (Gray)
GiraffeGopher
Hippopotamus
JaguarsJackalJavelina Wild Horses
Kangaroo Rats
LionLLama
Mountain Lion Mule Deer
Otter - River
PorcupinePrairie Dogs Pronghorn
Rabbits - Cottontails Jack Rabbits
Raccoon
RhinocerosRingtailed CatRiver Otter
Sea Lion - California SkunkSpotted HyenaSquirrel
Whale - Finback Wild Burros Wild Horses Wolves Woodrats (Pack Rats)
Zebra
back to top
BIRDS & FISH
Hawks- Cooper's Hawk- Ferruginous hawk- Marsh Hawk- Northern Harriers- Sharp-shinned- Northern Goshawks- Red-Tailed Hawk
Owls- Barn Owl - Great Horned Owls- Long-Eared Owls- Screech Owl
Herons-Blue Heron-Snowy Egret-Great Egret
Pelicans-American White Pelican-Brown Pelican
Storks-Yellow-billed Stork
HummingbirdsBlack-chinned hummingbird Hummers
Flightless BirdsOstrich
Misc Black-Necked StiltCactus WrensCliff SwallowCurve Billed ThrasherGolden EaglesGambel’s QuailGround Hornbill / Abyssinian Ground HornbillLesser Snow GooseMallard DucksMourning DovesPheasants ring-neckedRavensRoadrunnersSandhill CranesTurkeysTurkey Vultures Western Bluebird Woodpeckers
Fish Desert Pupfish Kanab Ambersnail
back to top
REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS
LizardsChuckwallas Collared LizardGila MonsterGreater Earless LizardHorned LizardsIguanaWestern Banded GeckoSide-blotched Lizard
Toads & FrogsBullfrogRed-spotted Toads TreefrogsWoodhouse's Toad
Rattlesnakes- Rattlesnakes - The Sidewinder- Western Diamondback
SnakesCoral SnakeCopperheadDesert Horned ViperGopher SnakesKingsnake Striped whipsnakes
Fish Desert Pupfish Kanab Ambersnail
Other Reptiles Desert DinosaursDesert TortoiseWestern Ornate Box Turtle
back to top
INSECTS & SPIDERS
AntsFire AntsRed Imported Fire Ant (RIFA)Harvester Ants Velvet Ants
BeesCarpenter Honeybees Killer Bees
BeetlesBlister BeetlePinacate beetle (Stinkbugs)
ButterfliesWestern Tiger SwallowtailWestern AdmiralViceroy Butterfly
MothsBlack Witch MothYucca Moth
SpidersBlack Widow Spiders Brown Recluse SpiderTarantulas Wolf Spider
Flying InsectsAssassin BugCicadas DragonfliesMosquitoPraying MantisSphinx MothTarantula Hawks
Wasps
Misc.
AphidCentipedesLeechOchineal Scale (Crimson)ScorpionsStinkbugs Ticks TermitesWalking Stick
VEGETABLE CELLS AND TISSUES
SCIENCE HOMEWORK FOR 9 A / B JULY /06/2010
LCDA. DIANA MONTERO
1.- FIND THE MAIN IDEAS
2.- FIND NEW VOCABULARY WORDS
Plant Tissue Systems Plant tissue systems include: Dermal Tissue System The dermal tissue system consists of the epidermis and the periderm. The epidermis is a single layer of closely packed cells. It both covers and protects the plant. It can be thought of as the plant's "skin." Depending on the part of the plant that it covers, the dermal tissue system can be specialized to a certain extent. For instance, the epidermis of a plant's leaves secretes a coating called the cuticle that helps the plant retain water.
Epidermis CellsImage copyright Dave Webb.
The periderm, also called bark, replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth. The periderm consists of cork cells and protects the plant from pathogens, prevents excessive water loss and provides insulation for the plant.
Periderm formation is indicated by periclinal divisions in parenchyma cells.Image copyright Dave Webb.
Vascular Tissue System Xylem and phloem throughout the plant make up the vascular tissue system. It allows water and other nutrients to be transported throughout the plant.
Xylem and PhloemImage copyright Dave Webb.
Ground Tissue System The ground tissue system synthesizes organic compounds, supports the plant and provides storage for the plant. It is mostly made up of parenchyma cells but can also include some collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells as well. Parenchyma Cells Parenchyma cells are usually depicted as the "typical" plant cell because they are not very specialized. These cells synthesize and store organic products in the plant. Most of the plant's metabolism takes place in these cells.
Plant Parenchyma CellImage copyright Dennis Kunkel.
PLANT CELLS Collenchyma Cells Collenchyma cells have a support function in plants, particularly in young plants. These cells help to support plants while not restraining growth due to their lack of secondary walls and the absence of a hardening agent in their primary walls. Sclerenchyma Cells Sclerenchyma cells also have a support function in plants but unlike collenchyma cells, they have a hardening agent and are much more rigid. Water Conducting Cells Water conducting cells of xylem are usually of two types, tracheids and vessel elements. Both allow water to flow to different parts of a plant. Sieve Tube Members Sieve tube members of phloem conduct organic nutrients such as sugar throughout the plant.
LCDA. DIANA MONTERO
1.- FIND THE MAIN IDEAS
2.- FIND NEW VOCABULARY WORDS
Plant Tissue Systems Plant tissue systems include: Dermal Tissue System The dermal tissue system consists of the epidermis and the periderm. The epidermis is a single layer of closely packed cells. It both covers and protects the plant. It can be thought of as the plant's "skin." Depending on the part of the plant that it covers, the dermal tissue system can be specialized to a certain extent. For instance, the epidermis of a plant's leaves secretes a coating called the cuticle that helps the plant retain water.
Epidermis CellsImage copyright Dave Webb.
The periderm, also called bark, replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth. The periderm consists of cork cells and protects the plant from pathogens, prevents excessive water loss and provides insulation for the plant.
Periderm formation is indicated by periclinal divisions in parenchyma cells.Image copyright Dave Webb.
Vascular Tissue System Xylem and phloem throughout the plant make up the vascular tissue system. It allows water and other nutrients to be transported throughout the plant.
Xylem and PhloemImage copyright Dave Webb.
Ground Tissue System The ground tissue system synthesizes organic compounds, supports the plant and provides storage for the plant. It is mostly made up of parenchyma cells but can also include some collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells as well. Parenchyma Cells Parenchyma cells are usually depicted as the "typical" plant cell because they are not very specialized. These cells synthesize and store organic products in the plant. Most of the plant's metabolism takes place in these cells.
Plant Parenchyma CellImage copyright Dennis Kunkel.
PLANT CELLS Collenchyma Cells Collenchyma cells have a support function in plants, particularly in young plants. These cells help to support plants while not restraining growth due to their lack of secondary walls and the absence of a hardening agent in their primary walls. Sclerenchyma Cells Sclerenchyma cells also have a support function in plants but unlike collenchyma cells, they have a hardening agent and are much more rigid. Water Conducting Cells Water conducting cells of xylem are usually of two types, tracheids and vessel elements. Both allow water to flow to different parts of a plant. Sieve Tube Members Sieve tube members of phloem conduct organic nutrients such as sugar throughout the plant.
sábado, 3 de julio de 2010
READING HOMEWORK FOR 10 A / B
JULY,3RD/2010
READING HOMEWORK FOR 10 A / B LCDA. DIANA MONTERO
1.- Read these questions. then scan the text below to find the answers
WHAT S ON TV ?
A National Television Violence Survey (NTVS) found that 61% of the television programs contain some violence, 43% of violent scenes involve humor , 58% show no pain,47% show no harm,86% feature no blood. Only 16% of violent programs feature the realistic result of violent actions. American children and youths spend more than four hours a day with television, computers , videos , and video games . Saturday mornig childrens programs in the U.S.A feature twenty – five acts of violence per hour. the average sixth grader has seen , 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence
a. What does “NTVS” stand for?
b.- what percent of television programs contain some violence?
c.- what percent of violent scenes show …..
1. humor ____________
2. no pain ? ___________
3. no harm? __________
4. no blood ___________
5. the real consequence of violence ? _______
d.- what do these numbers refer to?
1. fours hours ___________________________
2. twenty to twenty – five ___________________________
3. 8,000 ____________________________
4. 100,000 _____________________________
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